✅ About trees. Report about Trees 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th grade message

About trees. Report about Trees 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th grade message

Oak is a mighty strong tree, a symbol of courage, fire, lightning and princely power. Oak is one of the most beloved and revered trees among European peoples. All the most important events took place among the Slavs under the sacred Oaks - meetings, wedding ceremonies, courts. In the sacred Oak groves, the oldest and most respected trees were surrounded by a fence, beyond which only priests could enter.

In prehistoric times, almost half of Europe's forests were oak forests. The man famously dealt with this wonderful tree. First, he cut down and burned the Oak , freeing up the land for arable land, and then chopped it down for firewood and building materials. Oak, unfortunately, was excellent for both. The result is sad - there are tens of times fewer oak trees (about 3% of all European forests).

What does Oak look like?

It is not difficult to distinguish an oak from other trees by its powerful stature.

Oak is a large tree, usually with a powerful crown and a powerful trunk. Reaches a height of 20-40 m. It can live up to 2000 years, but usually lives 300-400 years. The growth in height of Oak stops at the age of 100-200 years, the increase in thickness, although insignificant, continues throughout life.

The Oak crown is dense, spreading, with thick branches.

Oak bark is thick, durable, wrinkled and dark in color in an adult tree.

Oak leaves are oblong with large rounded teeth.

Oak slowly blooms its leaves - sometimes only by the beginning of June. And sometimes - on the second try, when the first leaves are eaten by the caterpillars.

Oak flowers are collected in long hanging earrings 2-3 cm long.

Oak acorns are usually oblong, growing from 1.5 to 5 cm. In summer, acorns are green, in autumn they turn yellow and fall off. The acorns are smooth and neat to the touch, which makes them want to be collected, especially by children. The acorn caps are also beautiful. Inside the oak acorn there are 2 segments of yellowish or reddish color, bitter in taste.

Acorns , the fruits of the Oak tree, sit in special “glasses” - pluses. Wild boars and domestic pigs love to feast on acorns, so already in the Middle Ages people grazed herds of thousands of pigs in oak forests. In Ivan Krylov’s fable “ The Pig under the Oak, ” an ungrateful pig, having eaten acorns, begins to undermine the roots of the tree, harming it. From a biological point of view, the fabulist is mistaken: by digging up the soil and destroying pests, pigs brought only benefits to the oak forests.

Description of oak. What does an oak tree look like?

Oak is a massive tree, its size is no less hostile, even as long as it is long. The average height of an oak tree is 35 meters, and the average height is 60 meters. The size is also large; the diameter of the burr is approximately 1.5 meters.

Palmer Oak is the oldest and at the same time the largest oak tree in the world, located in Sainte (France), the girth of its tree is 9 meters. It is an old Gallic legend that the warriors of Julius Caesar lived under this oak tree.

The oak leaves lie in one form and can be spade-shaped, toothed, or some other form. The nails are usually bent. The sinuousness of oak has a scientific explanation - the tree's sill reaches to the Sun and for this reason it changes its direction depending on the weather, the period of fate and the hour of arrival.

The root system of the oak tree is clearly damaged, its roots are no less great, and they themselves go deep into the ground.

The healing properties of Oak

Oak bark is of great medical importance , as it contains a significant amount (up to 20%) of tannins, as well as flavonoids, pectin, tannin, starch, mucus and other natural antiseptics. A decoction of the bark, due to its tanning properties, has a strong astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.

Oak bark is most valued and used in medicine . It is used mainly as an external remedy, sometimes internally, in the form of infusions, decoctions, and tea.

Oak bark and leaves have astringent, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, soothing, and hemostatic effects.

Oak bark infusion is taken for stomach diseases, diarrhea, gastritis, colic, intestinal inflammation, colitis, ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver disease, spleen. Warm infusion improves digestion.

Application of Oak

A decoction of Oak bark and leaves (1:10) is taken for kidney diseases, kidney bleeding, bloody urine, frequent urination (in small doses), and inflammation of the urinary tract.

An infusion of Oak leaves is used for bedwetting (enuresis). Decoctions are also used for rinsing for inflammation of the oral mucosa, bad breath, inflammation of the tongue, for lotions for bedsores, frostbite of the hands and feet (baths), burns, wounds, skin inflammation, eczema, scrofula.

For sweaty feet, make baths from a decoction of the bark (2 tablespoons per 1 glass of water, boil for 1-2 minutes, leave until cool), and also pour crushed bark into socks for the day.

Coffee from Oak acorns: the acorns must be peeled, boiled, drained immediately, then coarsely chopped into pieces and fried until browned. Let cool and grind in a coffee grinder into powder. Brew like coffee, or can be used as a dietary supplement. This drink is given to children with diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Oak is a sacred tree, video

And at the end of the video clip about the powerful power of the oak tree.

Author: Pavlo Chaika, chief editor of Piznavayka magazine

When writing an article, try to make it as clear, brown and clear as possible. I will be very grateful for any turnaround and constructive criticism in the comments until the end. You can also write your wishes/food/propositions to my email [email protected] or Facebook.

Story about the author

Diseases and pests of Oak

One of the most dangerous diseases of Oak is powdery mildew . A characteristic white coating appears on the leaves, as if they had been doused with soapy water. The disease, noticed in an early stage, is easily stopped by spraying with a one percent solution of copper sulfate .

Leaf-gnawing insects and stem pests such as the large Oak Longhorned Beetle, the Green Oak Leaf Roller, and the Fruit Cap Moth are dangerous for Oak.

Kviti oak

The oak blossoms beautifully in the spring, its flowers are small, green and the middle of its leaves are dark. Moreover, the cells themselves are divided into men and women, men are made up of larvae, and women are made up of uteri. Also, human earrings can appear to form into earring-like structures. The acorns are similar to green grains and from them acorns appear.

Trees, characteristics

After reading all about trees, we can confidently say that they are a form of woody plants that consist of a trunk, root and crown. There were three trillion trees on our planet in 2015.

This vegetation grows almost everywhere, with the exception of some desert areas and Antarctica.

If you study the description, a tree is a complex mechanism. Even today, scientists have not been able to understand some of the processes that occur inside its cells. Of particular interest has always been photosynthesis, through which carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen.

Tree classification

Coniferous trees have hard, needle-shaped or scaly leaves that retain a rich green tint all year round and have a characteristic odor. The change of leaves in this type of plant is not as noticeable as in deciduous trees. Conifers change their foliage gradually throughout their lives. In addition to foliage, juniper berries or cones grow on coniferous trees. This type of plant includes trees such as: cypress, larch, spruce, pine, sequoia.
Deciduous trees have wider and larger leaves than coniferous trees. The old foliage of such trees turns yellow by autumn and then falls off completely. In the spring, a new one appears to replace it. Deciduous trees also include their fruit varieties, for example, apple, cherry, pear, and apricot.
There are also exotic trees that grow in the tropics. These include: baobab, avocado, hevea, cocoa, durian.

Coniferous trees

Spruce is a tall and slender coniferous tree. In the garden it is very impressive both in single and in composition plantings.

Fir is a representative of the coniferous plant of the pine family. Among other coniferous trees, it is distinguished by its upward-growing purple cones and flat needles. Fir needles are soft and shiny, dark green above, and marked with a white stripe below. Young seedlings of this tree grow for a long time, but from the age of 10 their development will accelerate and last until the root system dies out.

The list of coniferous trees also includes juniper. This coniferous plant originated more than 50 million years ago. Now scientists have managed to classify juniper into the cypress family, and there are about 70 species of representatives of this family in our time. Among the juniper variety there are 15-centimeter dwarf trees and 30-meter giants.

Cedar is a tree that has become an integral part of the decor for the front entrance or the expansive front lawn of homes. Cedars can have dwarf forms and are used for bonsai. In their natural form, these trees are majestically elevated in the mountain range at an altitude of up to 3 thousand meters above sea level and can seem like giants. Wild species of this tree have a height of up to 50 meters.

Cypress in natural conditions are evergreen trees or bushes, the crown of which has the shape of a pyramid or cone. Such a tree also has a slender trunk, covered with thick bark and cones that ripen in the second year.

Deciduous trees

The most famous deciduous representative is the birch. On a larger scale, this tree grows in the northern part of Russia, but it can easily be found in the center of the country. In total, there are approximately 100 species of birch, especially its dwarf species.

All deciduous forests consist predominantly of oaks. There are approximately 600 varieties of this large tree found in nature, but only one species is common in Russia - the stemmed one. This tree can reach a height of up to 45 meters and live up to 1500 years.

The apple tree, which has tasty fruits, is especially common among all deciduous trees. Approximately 36 species of this tree exist in nature. The birthplace of this culture is Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Acacia also belongs to the deciduous and evergreen representatives. There are 400 different species in the genus of this plant. This type of culture does not tolerate low temperatures, and therefore grows only in areas with a tropical and subtropical climate. Acacia can be tall or short.

Application of trees

The wood is used in construction as plywood, square lumber, veneer, railroad ties, posts, piles, studs, shingles, and fiberboard. Most people use rectangular lumber.
Wood is also used as fuel. Highly developed industrial countries have reduced their fuel use of trees due to the transition to gas, coal, oil and electricity.
Due to new technological developments, wood is increasingly being used not only in traditional areas. New achievements in the use of wood include improvements in drying technology, layered structures, anti-rot and fire-prevention treatments, prefabricated prefabricated structures, and the creation of high-quality wood glues.

Interesting facts about trees

Tree facts call Europe's oldest tree the oak, named as "The Old Man". This tree is already 2000 years old. The tree grows in the USA. Poland also has long-livers. These are 3 “Oaks of Friendship”, which are 900 years old.
Birch is the most common tree on planet Earth.
There are trees in the forest whose wood is the most expensive in the world. This applies to mahogany mahogany. It is used to create expensive luxury furniture and equally expensive musical instruments.
The most dangerous tree also exists. I would like to list what reactions there are from such vegetation. If the sap of this tree gets on the skin, a burn occurs, and then a painful blister. If this juice gets into the eyes, it causes complete loss of vision.
White cedar grows the slowest of all trees on Earth in Canada. The growth result of this tree is 10 cm in 115 years.
There are 60 times more trees than people in the world.

Attitude to trees in Ancient Rus'

Trees were perceived by the Slavs as animate beings with whom they could communicate and interact. For our ancestors, nature was alive in the full sense of the word - it breathed, talked, protected, grieved and rejoiced

.
This is how the Russian historian, literary critic and poet Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov
(1817–1885) writes about this in his work “Slavic Mythology,” referring to Russian folklore:

“Trees and grasses often speak to each other, and to birds, and people, and have a symbolic application to humans.”

Trees often become, if not the main, but significant characters of Russian fairy tales

. They often play a key role in the development of the plot and help good people while ignoring the evil ones. Trees are fair and impartial, wise and majestic.

Delving into history, we can talk about a whole cult of trees: for our ancestors they were an object of admiration and worship, in particular, the oak - the sacred tree of the thunderer Perun. We will talk about this tree symbol below. However, one should not primitivize such worship and elevate it to the worship of a particular tree (or stone) as a deity - everything is much more complex, subtle and wiser. Conducting certain rituals at sacred trees, our ancestors first of all paid tribute to the Power that manifests itself in them or is associated with them

. For example, in the person of Perun and in his arboreal manifestation oak, the Slavs honored active, furious, boiling and creative energy (read more about the dual opposition of active and passive forces - the warrior god and the sage god - here).

In Ancient Russia there were sacred groves

, about which, unfortunately, only indirect information has been preserved.
Thus, Elena Evgenievna Levkievskaya
(born 1963), a Russian linguist, mythologist and folklorist, mentions
“prayers in groves” in the book “Myths of the Russian People”
. Even in the last and century before last, sacred groves were found in the Northern Russian lands and Belarus. Cutting down trees and even cutting down windfalls and dead wood was strictly prohibited here - the violator would face a terrible punishment, painful death.

Vsevolod Ivanov. In the kingdom of Ovsenich. Evening

The branches of sacred trees were traditionally decorated with ribbons, scarves, and towels

. So the peasants prayed to the sacred tree for deliverance from the disease or thanked for healing. Old trees with split trunks and roots protruding from the ground, with growths and hollows, were especially revered. Everything is the same as with people: the older a person is, the more experienced, wiser he is, and the more he can tell others.

Until the end of the 19th century, the custom of ritual feeding of trees

, whose roots go back to the history of Ancient Rus'.
Wives and girls gathered “under the trees, under the birches”
and brought
“pies and porridge and scrambled eggs like sacrifices
. We read about this from Levkievskaya: the author cites as an example the petition of Nizhny Novgorod priests in 1636.

Note: however, there is another opinion - about the complete rejection of the very cult of worshiping
anything
among our ancestors and about much deeper knowledge about the nature of things than we imagine.
Thus, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Alexander Vladimirovich Pyzhikov
(2003–2004 Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation), while studying the rituals of different regions of the country associated with herbs and trees, drew attention (in one of his videos) to this: in order to help the young For a girl
to recover from infertility, birch was often used.
A group of women went into the forest, where the wisest and oldest woman
chose the right tree based on... vibrations (!), leaning her back against it
.
Then she gave way to a girl who dreamed of a child, the rest enclosed her and the birch tree in a round dance circle and sang songs of a certain key. It can be assumed that the vibrations of the song and the vibrations of the birch created a certain resonance, necessary and sufficient to solve the women's problem. But the most interesting thing is that after the ritual was successfully completed, the tree was necessarily cut down
. For what? So that foolish people do not subsequently create an object of worship from him! There will be another girl - on the right day they will certainly find another birch tree for her. Because the Power lies not in this particular tree, but in Nature and Knowledge.

image of the Tree of Life is also interesting

, which was colorfully described by the Russian historian and folklorist
Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev
(1826–1871).

“Rain clouds, darkening the vault of heaven with a wide-spread and many-branched canopy, in the deepest, immemorial antiquity were likened to
a giant tree , embracing the whole world, a tree whose branches face down to the ground, and whose roots extend to the highest sky.”